Which factor is unrelated to predicting negative outcomes in couples according to research?

The factor that is unrelated to predicting negative outcomes in couples, as identified in research, is negative sentiment override. This concept refers to a situation where a partner's negative feelings toward the other lead them to interpret neutral or positive behaviors in a negative light. While negative sentiment override can contribute to a negative atmosphere in a relationship, suggesting that it may lead to misunderstandings, research primarily emphasizes its correlation with heightened negativity rather than direct predictions of adverse outcomes.

In contrast, the other factors listed—failure of repair attempts, emotional disengagement, and negative reciprocity—are all strongly associated with negative outcomes in couples. Failure of repair attempts indicates a couple's inability to resolve conflicts effectively, leading to lingering disagreements and resentment. Emotional disengagement denotes a lack of responsiveness and connection between partners, which can exacerbate feelings of isolation. Negative reciprocity describes a cycle where one partner's negative action prompts a retaliatory negative action from the other, intensifying conflict and dissatisfaction in the relationship. These factors are all more directly linked to detrimental outcomes in relationships, making negative sentiment override a less critical predictor in this context.